Marxism Is Based On The Social Theories Of Karl Marx And...

Marxism is based on the social theories of Karl Marx and Friederich Engels and has evolved and adapted to take into account the way that society functions today. It states that social change is determined by the economy and describes the relationship and the conflict between the ruling class (the Bourgeoisie) and the working class (the Proletariat). Marxism describes how society is biased purely to benefit of the ruling class and examines the exploitation of the working class. There are lots of ways that Marxism can be used to understand 21st century Britain, however, this piece of writing does not allow us to explore all those examples. In this instance I have outlined how Marxism could be used to look at personal debt and education. In 2015 in Britain you can get a pay day loan with no credit checks but paying an extortionate interest rate of over 2000%. Why would anyone need a pay day loan? The proletariat (working class) in Britain have been brainwashed by the capitalist society to be consumers of goods that they don’t necessarily need. They think they need the latest I-Phone, the newest car or a bigger house. They have been made to believe that these status symbols will improve their status position in society and improve their quality of life. A lot of the working classes still cannot afford to own their own homes. Either these houses are not being built or the deposit or mortgage rates are too high for them to afford. Because of this they are forced either to

Influence of Media on the Ideas of People - 1768 Words

An essay on the influence of mass media on the ideas of people The mass media including television, radio and newspapers have a massive influence in shaping the minds of people. Let us pause for a moment and examine the statement made. The statement written above claims that the minds of people have been shaped and moulded by the media used to communicate information to the masses – not as much by the message being communicated. In essence, this means that these channels of mass communication either magnify the influence of the message being communicated or bear within themselves the power to influence the ideation and decision-making abilities of people. To put it in everyday language, the mass media has the power to take an average†¦show more content†¦Conversely, while the positive impacts equally justify the existence and importance of mass media, they emphasize the influence of mass media nonetheless. Media influence on children has steadily increased as new and more sophisticated types of media have been developed and made available to the public at affordable costs. The influence of media, especially the television has been nearly instantaneous. Suddenly the television begins to dictate values, sets the standard for peer pressure and influences the ideas formed in these young minds without them even being aware of it. The beneficial effects include early readiness for learning, educational enrichment, opportunities to view or participate in discussions of social issues, exposure to the arts through music and performance, and entertainment. Unfortunately, it’s a package deal that often comes with harmful influences resulting from sensationalization of violent behavior, exposure to subtle or explicit sexual content, promotion of unrealistic body images, presentation of poor health habits as desirable practices, and exposure to persuasive advertising targeting children. Whil e some might dare attribute this influencing capacity to the message being disseminated, it is not so. Just because children can use media and technology doesn t mean they are effective at critically analyzing and evaluating the messages they receive. Children require a set of skills to askShow MoreRelatedMass Media Influence On People s Ideas About Society936 Words   |  4 PagesJamilah Alfadhli ENG 110-01 November 13, 2015 Mass Media Influence in Shaping People’s Ideas about Society The most important goal for mass media is to make high revenues. To make this goal real and earn that money mass media maker or producer put effective working plans. These effective plans could be in all different kinds of any mass media. There are several effects of made mass media planning before it broadcasting a message to improve it economic. These effects are; effects of advertisingRead MoreHow Far Do The Media Influence Your Own Sense Of Personal Identity And Self Definition?1306 Words   |  6 PagesHow far do the media influence our opinions and contribute to our own sense of personal identity and self-definition? Introduction Everyday our minds get filled with new information, images and sounds. Enormous amounts of information streams give us certain idea of the world we live in. Of course media consumption is personal and sometimes very selective for each individual. Even though we cannot build a wall between us and information that is spreading all over the world. What is really interestingRead MoreThe Importance Of Mass Media1003 Words   |  5 Pagesmessage from mass media, he tells the message which is from mass media to another person. These two people understand what does this message means; however, they may have different comprehension of this message. 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These are referred to as ‘mass’ media, because theyRead MoreMedia and Cultural Influences on Sexual Orientation1097 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and Culture Influence on Sexual Orientation Select a topic that interests you. Introduction. Media has great influence over the way people live their lives. The question is, do media or culture influence sexual orientation? Describe this social issue. Make the argument that this issue is important. Use anecdotal evidence (personal experiences) or statistical data to establish your arguments. Media and culture are important in America because they have great influence over people. TheyRead MoreImpacts of Social Media on German Youth by Nazis1026 Words   |  4 Pagessocial media The English Definition of social media is â€Å"websites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts† (â€Å"social media†). In comparison a German professor defines social media like this: Social media is used for the connection of their users and their communication through the Internet (Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel). One can see that the definition is nearly the same although the people descendRead More‚Äà ºMass Media (Television, the Internet, Advertising) Influence Youth Too Much Nowadays.‚Äà ¹ to What Extent Is This True?794 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mass media (television, the internet, advertising) influence youth too much nowadays.† To what extent is this true? In the recent years, the prevalence of mass media has been undeniable. All over the world, youths have access to mass media through their smartphones, television sets and computers. In such a media-driven world, it is no surprise that mass media has come to play a substantial role in the attitudes and mindsets of youth. To a large extent, mass media does have the power to influenceRead MoreEssay on Effects of Mass Media on Society1650 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary society, people are strongly influenced by mass media. Although traditional television watching and newspaper reading are no longer as popular as before, people spend more time in front of computers listening to music and radios, reading news and information, interacting with other people in social network and watching television programmes and films. The developing technology of mobile phone allows people to do almost everything they can do with the computer. Nowaday, people are living in aRead MoreHitler s Political And Foreign Policy1263 Words   |  6 PagesPeople make many decisions and choices because of a means of persuasion. Children tie their shoes because their parents warned them that untied shoelaces would cause them to trip. 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Accounting conservatism and managerial risk - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Accounting conservatism and managerial risk. Answer: The items of equity of Ramsay Health Care limited are listed in the consolidated statement of financial position. Constituent of equity of Ramsay comprise of issued capital, treasury shares, convertible adjusted rate equities securities, retained earnings and other reserves. It also involves parent interest and non controlling interest. Issues share capital is the face value of shares and amount of nominal value of shares that is held by shareholders. It is the amount that shareholders invest in the company. Such shares might comprise of equity shares and preference shares. Treasury shares are the shares that the issuing company buys back from shareholders that have the impact of reducing outstanding shares in open market. Convertible adjustable rate equity securities are types of preferred stock where payment of dividend is set a base rate and a benchmark interest rate (Balakrishnan et al., 2016). Reserves are the amount that is created out of profits of company. Revenue reserves and capital reserves are the two types of reserves that a company has. Retained earnings are the cumulative earning earned by corporation that is not intended for distributing to shareholders (Chaibi et al., 2014). Such earnings are reinvested in the business and are not distributed as profits to shareholders. Total value of equity for Ramsay Health Care limited is recorded at $ 2046061 million in year 2016 compared to $ 1837794 in year 2015. This increase in value of equity is mainly because of increase in value of treasury shares, other reserves and retained earnings. Total amount of income tax paid by Ramsay Health Care Limited is depicted in consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The income tax expense for year 2015 is recorded at $ 221216 million and in year 2016, company reduced income tax expense by amount $ 23542 million. Income tax in year 2016 stood at $ 187674 million (ramsayhealth.com, 2018). In the current year that is 2017, income tax expense is recorded at $ 198669 million. Therefore, income tax expense reduced initially and increased thereafter. Income tax rate that is applicable to Ramsay Health Care Limited is the rate of corporate tax is 30%. Accounting income of company for year 2016 is reported at $ 445298 and for year 2015, amount stood at $ 432073 (ramsayhealth.com, 2018). There was increase in value of accounting income of company. Now, computation of accounting income of firm times the corporate tax rate for both the years is computed at ($ 445298 * 30%) is 311708.6 for 2016 and ($ 432073 * 30%) is $ 302451.1 for year 2015. Computation of above figures is indicative of the fact that the percentage of accounting income to corporate tax has increased. When comparing the above figures with that of tax expenses recorded for particular years, it can be inferred that tax expense for both the years is less than accounting income as income tax percentage. Therefore, figures of income tax expense are considerably different from that of above figures. Factors responsible for causing this difference are that income tax expense has reduced considerably through the years of analysis (ramsayhealth.com, 2018). Deferred tax assets are recorded under the heading noncurrent assets of consolidated statement of financial position. The amount of deferred tax assets for year 2016 is recorded at $ 199726 compared to $ 204977 in year 2015. It indicated that amount of deferred tax reduced in year 2016. On other hand, deferred tax liabilities are recorded under the heading noncurrent liabilities of the statement. Deferred tax liabilities mount for year 2016 is recorded at $ 296130 compared to $ 310204 in year 2015indicating that there was reduction in deferred tax liabilities in year 2016 (ramsayhealth.com, 2018). Recording of deferred income tax is provided for all temporary difference between carrying amount and reporting date between tax base for liabilities and assets for the rationale of financial reporting. Recognition of deferred income tax liabilities is done for temporary differences that are taxable (Agrawal Cooper, 2017). Deferred income liabilities identification is done for deductible t emporary differences, tax losses that are not used and carry forwarding of tax assets that are not used. The amount of income tax payable recorded by Ramsay Health Care limited in its annual report is reported at $ 49560 for year 2016 compared to $ 42021 for year 2015. Higher figure indicates that total amount of income tax payable has increased in year 2016. On other hand, income tax expense was recorded at $ 197674 for year 2016 and $ 221216 for year 2015 respectively. Comparing these mentioned figures, it is depicted that income tax expenses for both the period is significantly higher than income tax that are payable. Expense related to income taxexceeds income tax payable by amount $ 148114 in year 2016 and $ 179195 respectively (ramsayhealth.com, 2018). This difference in value between income tax payable and income tax expense is attributable to difference in accounting treatment of both the values. The amount that is payable by company by way of income tax is based on net profit reported by company. However, this does not form the sole basis of devising the total amount of tax that is to be paid by company. There can be alterations in the total amount of net profit or accounting profits reported by company resulting from various adjustments as per the taxation law that the government imposes (Warren Jones, 2018). Such adjustments can lead to differences in timing between the accounting profits or profit recognition and tax reporting for the purpose of accounting. As a consequence o this, there would be differences in total amount of income tax payable and income tax expenses reported in the income statement of company. Expenses related to income tax of Ramsay Health Care limited is recorded in the income statement while the total amount of income tax paid is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The allocation of income tax expense is done on the basis of tax sharing arrangement on a tailored standalone basis that is according to the principles of income tax of AASB 112. Recognition of tax allocation is done considering decrease or increase in intercompany accounts of subsidiary with the tax consolidated group head company. Expense related to income tax for year 2016 is recorded at $ 197674 while the total amount of income tax paid is $ 13505 million. On other hand, income tax expense for year 2015 is recorded at $ 221216 and amount of income tax is received of amount $ 1041 million. At differences analysis of figures is indicative of the fact that there is significant difference between amount of income tax paid and income tax expenses. Hence, income tax paid is less than total amount of income tax paid in both the years (Lee, 2014). Income tax is the amount of income tax liability of organization and it is calculated using the effective income tax rate. On other hand, accounting profit reported by company forms the basis of calculation of income tax expense. Amount of income tax paid required calculation of taxation determined by taxation rules and income tax expenses is imbibed in determination of net loss and net profit for any particular period. Therefore, income tax expense is calculated using net accounting profit and the concept of financial accounting is involved in total amount of income tax paid. Moreover, general accounting principle and practices is also involved in calculations that lead to differences. Classification of taxable and accounting income is done in form of permanent and timing differences. Timing differences arises because of difference in period in which some items of revenue and expenses are recorded (Warren Jones, 2018). This is because period in which recording of such items in taxa ble income does not coincide with period in which recording of such items are done for arriving at accounting income. This explanation demonstrates the reasons for difference between income tax expense and income tax paid. Analysis of annual report of Ramsay Health Care limited depicts that treatment of tax in the financial statement has been done by proper segmentation. Detailed explanation has been provided in the financial statements notes as there each and every particulars and component of taxation has been discussed. Explanation of difference income tax expense and income tax payable has been explained in the context of temporary and permanent differences. Components of income tax expenses have been shown in separate section. Annual report has also demonstrated numerical reconciliation between calculation of tax expense as per income tax rate and aggregate tax expense that is recognized in the income statement. Moreover, recognition of tax liabilities and tax assets has been done disclosing figures of respective components of tax assets and tax liabilities. Detailed explanation of tax effect accounting has been done in the annual report. Measurement and recognition of income tax and the accountin g treatment of taxation has been discussed in the notes to financial statement. Therefore, analysis of annual report depicts that understanding of treatment of taxation was interesting and information has been gained about accounting for income tax. References list: Agrawal, A., Cooper, T. (2017). Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover.Quarterly Journal of Finance,7(01), 1650014. Atanasov, V., Black, B. (2016). Shock-based causal inference in corporate finance and accounting research. Balakrishnan, K., Watts, R., Zuo, L. (2016). The effect of accounting conservatism on corporate investment during the global financial crisis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,43(5-6), 513-542. Chaibi, H., Trabelsi, S., Omri, A. (2014). Investment opportunity set, corporate accounting policy and discretionary accruals.Journal of Economic and Financial Modelling,1(1), 1-12. Cipriano, M. (2016). Bad Will: Why the FASB's Proposed Fix of Goodwill Accounting Will Not Fix the Goodwill Problem.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(6), 89-92. Kravet, T. D. (2014). Accounting conservatism and managerial risk-taking: Corporate acquisitions.Journal of Accounting and Economics,57(2), 218-240. Lee, T. A. (2014).Evolution of Corporate Financial Reporting (RLE Accounting). Routledge. Ramsayhealth.com. (2018). Retrieved 4 January 2018, from https://www.ramsayhealth.com/common/emag/rhc/annualreport2017/pubData/source/RHCAR2017.pdf Sierra?Garca, L., Zorio?Grima, A., Garca?Benau, M. A. (2015). Stakeholder engagement, corporate social responsibility and integrated reporting: an exploratory study.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(5), 286-304. Warren, C. S., Jones, J. (2018).Corporate financial accounting. Cengage Learning. Watts, R. L., Zuo, L. (2016). Understanding practice and institutions: A historical perspective.Accounting Horizons,30(3), 409-423. Williams, J. (2014).Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Rousseau And The Ideal Society Essays (202 words) - Deists

Rousseau And The Ideal Society Rousseaue and the Ideal Society Has the progress of the arts and sciences contributed more to the corruption or purification of morals? Rousseau criticized social institutions for having corrupted the essential goodness of nature and the human heart. Rousseaue believed that by becoming civilized, society has actually become worse because good people are made unhappy and are corrupted by their experiences in society.. He viewed society as articficial and corrupt and that the furthering of society results in the continuing unhappiness of man. He also argued that the advancement of art and science had not been beneficial to mankind. He proposed that the progress of knowledge had made governments more powerful, and crushed individual liberty. He concluded that material progress had actually undermined the possibility of sincere friendship, replacing it with jealousy, fear and suspicion. In his Discourse on the Origin of Inequality he elaborated on the process of how social institutions must have developed into the extreme unequal rights of aristocratic France where the nobility and the church lived in luxury while the poor peasants had to pay most of the taxes. And in his Discourse on Political Economy he suggested remedies for these injustices. Political Issues